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Recognised standards, transparent method

Karbon Zeka rests on international standards and official factor sources. Which factor was used, from which source and which year, is stated in every report; when the verifier asks, your answer is ready.

Wind turbines, Çeşme

The standards and sources we build on

Every step of the calculation is tied to a published standard or an official factor set.

ISO 14064-1Establishing and reporting the greenhouse gas inventory; the report sections are structured on this standard, and totals are also given by category (1-6).
GHG ProtocolScope 1-2-3 classification, Scope 2 dual reporting and the 15 Scope 3 categories.
IPCC 2006 GuidelinesThe fuel combustion calculation chain (Tier-1) and default emission factors.
IPCC AR5 / AR6Global warming potential sets; every gas with its own coefficient, chosen per project.
DESNZ/DEFRAUK Government GHG conversion factors for transport, waste, water and Scope 3 items. Every factor is stored with its publication year.
Spend-based (EEIO)Indicative (EEIO) factors for quick screening where spend data exists; downstream categories (9-12, 14, 15) and material items need activity data or supplier-specific data.
CBAMInstallation-level activity and emissions data; supports embedded-emissions reporting under Regulation (EU) 2023/956. Product-level embedded emissions and the operator-to-importer data template are on the roadmap. CBAM verification is carried out by accredited verifiers.
TSRSTürkiye Sustainability Reporting Standards; the inventory foundation for climate-related disclosures.

Visible calculation, no assumptions

Fuel combustion follows the IPCC Tier-1 chain step by step: consumption to energy, energy to gas-by-gas emissions, then to CO₂ equivalent. Every intermediate value stays on screen and in the Excel breakdown; the result cannot be edited by hand, and a correction is made only by changing the data or the factor.

See the calculation engine
Team discussing charts at a table

Unit safety

No conversion between the energy, mass and volume families. If a unit cannot be resolved, no number is produced; the record is flagged and shown in Checks.

Scope 2 dual reporting

Electricity is reported both with the grid average (location-based) and with the market-based method. Market-based priority: renewable energy certificate (I-REC / YEK-G) → supplier-specific factor → residual mix → only if none of these exists, the grid average, clearly disclosed.

Each gas with its own coefficient

Refrigerants are calculated with each gas's own global warming potential, never with a single average coefficient. If the gas type is unclear, no guess is made.

Scope 3: the choice is yours

The same category can be calculated with two approaches and the results differ widely. The decision is made per project and declared in the report.

DESNZ/DEFRA · IPCCActivity-based
  • Input: physical quantity (tonnes, litres, tonne·km, kWh)
  • High verifiability; the verifier can trace each figure to its source
  • Recommended for the final inventory
Indicative EEIOSpend-based (EEIO)
  • Input: spend amount; the data already sits in accounting
  • Quick screening where spend data exists; rounded sector averages
  • Downstream categories (9-12, 14, 15) and material items need activity data or supplier-specific data

If the selected set has no factor, the system does not invent one: the record is not calculated and an "available in the other set" notice appears. Sector-average factors are counted in the report's uncertainty section.

What we don't do

Half of a trustworthy inventory is what the software does not do.

No silent assumptions

If a unit is not recognised, a factor does not match or several factors match equally, we report the problem instead of producing a result.

We do not correct results by hand

The calculation is deterministic; the same data always gives the same result. A correction is made only by changing the source data or the factor.

We make no verification claims

Unless an independent body verifies it, the report is not a "verified inventory statement"; removals are not netted against emissions but reported separately.

If you want to discuss a factor's source, year or value, write to us. Methodology debate is a normal part of this work. Contact →

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